Pennsylvania Literary Map Biographies Style Manual
Basic Format |
Style Guidelines |
Writing Tips |
Sample Biography
Style Guidelines
Abbreviations
- Penn State or Pennsylvania State University-not PSU
- States in the United States: Do not abbreviate, use full name.
- United States or U.S.
Acronyms
As a rule of thumb, always list the full name of an organization
or entity with the acronym following parenthetically. Subsequent use
of the acronym is acceptable (e.g., "National Science Foundation
(NSF)" the first time and "NSF" subsequently).
Awards
- Academy of American Poets Fellowship
- American Academy of Arts and Letters Award
- American Book Award
- Award of Merit Medal from National Institute and American Academy of Arts and Letters
- Bollingen Prize
- Brandeis Award for Poetry
- Brandeis University Creative Arts Medal
- Caldecott Honor Medal
- Caldecott Medal
- Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, Order of Arts and Letters
- Coretta Scott King Medal
- Dial Award
- Ernest Hartsock Memorial Prize
- Fulbright Fellow
- Guarantors Prize
- Guggenheim Fellowship
- Harriet Monroe Poetry Award
- Helen Haire Levinson Prize
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- Howells Medal from the American Academy of Arts and Letters
- M. Carey Thomas Award
- MacDowell Medal
- Medal of Honor for Literature from the National Arts Club in New York
- National Book Award
- National Book Critics Circle Award
- National Institute of Arts and Letters Gold Medal
- Newbery Honor Medal
- Newbery Medal
- PEN/Faulkner Award
- PEN/Malamud Memorial Prize
- Poetry Society of America Gold Medal Award
- Prix Medicis Etranger
- Pulitzer Prize
- Pura Belpré Award
- Western Heritage Award
- Wilder Medal
- Woman of Achievement, American Association of University Women
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Capitalization
- County Names in Pennsylvania: Name of County—e.g., Blair County
- County Names in States other than Pennsylvania: Name of County, State—e.g.,
Montgomery County, Maryland
Citations
(see also, In-text Citations)
- Web citations must include a date. Web sites are often changed daily,
and information you find today may be gone altogether or relocated to
another URL even hours after you read it online for the first time. Dated
web citations enable you, as the author, to defend your research and assist
your readers who may want to find the information you used.
- Penn State's Academic
Integrity statement leaves little to the imagination. You MUST provide
end-text citations all the sources used in your biography. Papers with
incomplete citations will be returned for correction.
Dates
- Month Day, Year—e.g., April 13, 1952
- Month Day—e.g., May 13
Geographic Areas
Countries or Places whose names have changed: Use current name, but acknowledge
former name in parenthesis as needed, e.g., Russia (formerly U.S.S.R.) or (formerly
the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics).
Historical Events
- Civil War or American Civil War
- French and Indian War
- Gulf War
- Korean War or Korean Conflict
- Revolutionary War or American Revolution
- Vietnam War
- World War I
- World War II
In-text Citations
An in-text citation, providing the essential bibliographic information,
should be used when directly quoting from a source. Because we are not using
parenthetical references or footnotes, within the body of your text you must
include both the author and the title for any source you quote. Simply
referencing the author's name is insufficient.
For example: As Kenny Williams observed, "John Updike is so awesome."
This is incorrect. A correct citation would be: As Kenny Williams, writing in
the Dictionary of Literary Biography, observed, "John Updike is so awesome."
Sources cited in the text must still be referenced in the Sources section.
Vocations
Literary Vocations
| Advice Columnist
Archivist
Bibliophile
Biographer
Book Advocate
Book Collector
Book Designer
Bookbinder
Bookseller
Business Writer
Cartoonist
Children's Book Author
Columnist
Critic
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Diarist
Editor
Essayist
Etiquette WriterFolklorist
Historian
Illustrator
Journalist
Librarian
Literary Agent
Lyricist
Memoirist
Non-fiction Writer
Novelist
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Orator
Papermaker
Photographer
PlaywrightPoet
Printer
Publisher
Radio Scriptwriter Reviewer
Science WriterScience Fiction Writer
Screenwriter
Short Story Writer
Speech Writer
Translator
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Political Vocations
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Signer of the Declaration of Independence
Signer of the Constitution
United States Representative
United States Senator
United States Vice-President
United States President |
Pennsylvania Governor
Pennsylvania State Representative
Pennsylvania State Senator
Colonial Government Official
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Arts Professions Architect
Artist
Sculptor
Museum Curator
Social Causes
Abolitionist
Black Nationalist
Civil Rights Activist
Labor Leader
Peace Activist
Women's Rights Activist
Religious Professions
Religious Official (Bishops, etc.)
Minister
Evangelist
Missionary
Academic Professions
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Classicist
Criminologist
Economist
Geographer
Philosopher
Political Scientist
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Professor (College teaching)
Psychologist
Researcher
Scholar
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Other Categories
Business Leader
Industrialist
Legendary Figure
Sports Figure
Public Personality
Numbers
Write out numbers one through nine; use numbers for 10 and higher.
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